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Malabar History journal

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Manjeri Conference

The Manjeri conference refers to the conference held in the Malabar district by the Indian National conference on 28 and 29 April 1920. The meeting was a part of the anti-colonial struggles of Malabar. The conference was presided over by the then editor of The Hindu newspaper, Kasturi Rankayya. Prominent personalities such as Annie Besant, Manjeri Ramayyar, A Rankaswamy Iyer, K.P Raman Menon, M.P Narayana Menon and Kattilasseri Muhammad Musliyar participated in the meeting. Madhavan Nair was the chief organizer of the conference. He passed a resolution with the support of the majority of the meeting’s participants against the exploitative landlord system of the British. The meeting addressed two significant concerns, Khilafat movements and the plight of the tenants. After this conference that the Khilafat and Non-cooperation movements against the British started working together. The meeting concluded by supporting the ideas of national leaders like M.K Gandhi, Moulana Muhammad Ali and Moulana Shoukath Ali.

Khilafat movement

The Khilafat movement was discussed on the first day of the Manjeri conference. Komu Menon presented a proposal demanding that the British response to the Khilafat movement should take Indian Muslims into serious consideration. If the British response continues to be against them, the proposal announced conducting a non-cooperation movement against the British. Annie Besant opined that ‘non-cooperation’ would be a dangerous act. However, the proposal was passed with the vote of a majority of the conference’s participants. Expressing her dissent against the resolution, Annie Besant walked out of the conference. However, the meeting paved paths to forge a collective anti-colonial fervour among the people of Malabar. Khilafat committees were formed with the coming of Shoukath Ali and M.K Gandhi to Kozhikode in the same year.

Issues of Tenants

Malabar Tenants Association was formed in 1916 to address the issues faced by tenants. M.P Narayana Menon served as its president and Kattilasseri Muhammad Moulavi as the secretary. However, the interventions of the association to bring tenant issues to notice were in vain. There were also other involvements in Manjeri in relation to the tenants such as the formation of ‘Hidayatul Muslimeen Sabha’ which wrote a letter in 1906, informing the plights of peasants to the Governor. However, there were no improvements in the situation. The Manjeri conference was important in this regard, it was not just a Khilafat and student conference, but a conference of Tenants as well. The meeting had tenants, landlords and coolies as its participants. It passed resolutions also to protect the rights of tenants.

References

  • മഞ്ചേരി സമ്മേളനം മലബാര്‍ സമരങ്ങള്‍ക്ക് ചൂടുപകര്‍ന്ന വിധം. (n.d.). Islamic Heritage Library. Accessed on 7/11/22 from Link.
  • Ajmal Abubacker. ഇന്ത്യൻ സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യത്തിൽ മഞ്ചേരിയുടെ പങ്ക്. Retrieved on 8/11/22 from Link.
  • മഞ്ചേരി സമ്മേളനത്തിന് 90 വയസ്സ്. Workersforum. Retrieved on 8/11/22 from Link.